Biochemistry & Molecular Biology:
• DNA samples: 1-1000 ng
• Protein concentrations: 0.1-100 µg
• RNA quantification: 10-10000 ng
• Enzyme amounts: 0.01-10 µg
Pharmaceutical Research:
• Drug dosages: 1-1000 µg
• Active compounds: 10-10000 ng
• Metabolite analysis: 0.1-100 µg
• Biomarker detection: 1-1000 ng
Environmental Analysis:
• Pollutant detection: 1-1000 ng/L
• Pesticide residues: 0.1-100 µg/kg
• Heavy metals: 10-10000 ng/g
• Trace contaminants: 0.01-10 µg/L